The 5 Components of Literacy

Phonemic Awareness--The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds within spoken words.
Phonics--The relationship between the letters of written language and the spoken language.
Vocabulary--Refers to the words we must use to communicate effectively. This includes oral and reading vocabulary.
Comprehension--This is the ability to understand what you read or hear about a text.
Fluency--The ability to read a text accurately with appropriate phrasing, intonation, and expression.